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| 密封填料（環(huán)）的裝配調(diào)整方法 | |
| 密封填料在機(jī)械裝置是一個(gè)易損配件，其使用壽命長(zhǎng)短與裝配方法有密切關(guān)系，更換操作方法，可參考以下步驟： 一、在裝配新填料前，須將用過(guò)的填料環(huán)以專用工具全部取出來(lái)并且要把填料箱擦拭干凈，觀察填 料箱內(nèi)各個(gè)部位有無(wú)磨損、偏心等缺陷，如不符合要求，應(yīng)修復(fù)或更換； 二、將選擇好的填料置于清潔的案板或紙上，防止粘附上泥沙或雜質(zhì)； 三、在裝配前，須以模具壓型，其方法是把填料纏繞在與機(jī)器軸相同直徑的木棒上，以鋒利的刀按 45°或90°角進(jìn)行切割，把切斷的填料，裝入與填料箱尺寸相同的模具內(nèi)（為了便于裝配， 模具的內(nèi)外徑分別比填料箱大和小0.2毫米），置于壓機(jī)上，以300～500kgf/cm2的壓力壓成 環(huán)狀； 四、將預(yù)壓成環(huán)狀的填料，表面涂以潤(rùn)滑脂，一個(gè)一個(gè)地裝入填料箱內(nèi)，每裝一個(gè)環(huán)，使其切口相 違120°角，以木質(zhì)軸套，將填料環(huán)送入填料箱底，要壓實(shí)壓平行； 五、往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)械，在填料箱內(nèi)的兩端和中間應(yīng)放入導(dǎo)向環(huán)，以承受柱塞的重力和保持其同心運(yùn)動(dòng)； 六、為了提高密封效果，可采取選用兩種或兩種以上的填料或墊片進(jìn)行混合裝配； 七、填料環(huán)裝配完畢后，將壓蓋裝上，用擰緊壓蓋螺絲的辦法，逐漸將填料壓實(shí)； 八、正式運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)前，先在無(wú)負(fù)荷的狀態(tài)下試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，觀察有無(wú)異常現(xiàn)象，然后正式開(kāi)車；開(kāi)車后要細(xì)心 觀察，有無(wú)因壓的不實(shí)，而泄漏嚴(yán)重，或因壓的過(guò)緊，急劇產(chǎn)生摩擦熱，燒壞填料的危險(xiǎn)； 九、載負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)后，應(yīng)隨時(shí)細(xì)心觀察，精心維護(hù)，冷卻潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)，要保持正常，泄漏嚴(yán)重時(shí)，要采 取擰緊壓蓋的措施，但不宜一次壓的太緊。 |
| Method for Fixing and Regulating the Gasketing Material(Ring) | |
| Gasketing material is a vulnerable accessory to machinery apparatus.The length of its service life is in close relation with the method of fixing therelf.When replacing the gasket,please refer to the following steps. Ⅰ.Before fixing new packing material,the used paceing material should be removed completely with special tools,and the box of pacding material should be mopped clean.Observe carefully to see if there is any partwithin the said box of packing material carrying any damage,wear or being off-centre.ln case of failure to be up to the required standard,the said box should bi repaired or replaced. Ⅱ.Put the selected gasketing material on clean board or paper so as to prevent it from being contaminated by dirt or impurity. Ⅲ.Before fixing,the gasketing material should be shaped by die-pressing.The method is:wind the gasketing material around a wooden stick with the same diameter as that ofof the related machine,and then cut it with sharp knife at an angle of 45°or 90°. Put the cut-out gasketing material into mould with the identical dimensions as these of the box of gasketing material(in order to make it convenient for fixing,the external and internal diameters of the mould are larger and smaller by 2mm than these of the gasketing-material box,respectively);and then use a pressor to press it(300-500 kg/cm2)into the shape of ring. Ⅳ.Apply lubricant resin on the pre-pressed ring-shaped gasketing material and then put into the box one by one.For each ring put into the box,put its cut surface at an off-angle of 120°,and use wooden a shaft sleeve to send the gasket rings to the bottom of the said gasket box.Press them securely into a parallel position to each other. Ⅴ.For reciprocal machines,there should be guide-rings at both ends and in the middle of the said gasket box so as to support the weight of the shaft or piston,and maintain its concentric movement. Ⅵ.In order to enhance tight-sealing performance,it is preferential to select two or more gasket materials or cushion plates,and mix them for the said fixing. Ⅵ.In order to enhance tight-sealing performance,it is preferential to select two or more gasket materials or cushion plates,and mix them for the said fixing. Ⅶ.After completing the fixing of gasket rings,put back the pressure cover,ane tighten the screws of the said cover,thus make the gasket material compact. Ⅷ.Before putting into regular operationn,try it under zero-load,and observe if there is anything abnormal.After putting into normal operation,it is still necessary to observe carefully to see if there is sudden friction-heat and the danger of ringburning as a result of ovet-compactness. Ⅸ.After the machine is put into loaded operation,careful observation and maintenance fron tine to time is must.The cooling system should be maintained at normal state.ln case of serious eakage, measures should be taken to tighten the screws of the cover,but it is not abvisabie to tighten it too vigorously at a single time. | |
| 密封墊片的選型 任何一種類型的墊片，在惡劣的使用環(huán)境中，要保證長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的有效密封，都必須具備以下八個(gè)重要特性：抗?jié)B透性：對(duì)于密封系統(tǒng)的介質(zhì)，墊片在允許的溫度和壓力下應(yīng)不滲透?？蓧嚎s性：墊片和法蘭的接觸面在連接螺栓緊固后，應(yīng)能很好吻合，以保證密封?？谷湫涡裕簤|片在壓力負(fù)荷和使用溫度的影響下，抗蠕形性應(yīng)較好，否則會(huì)造成螺栓扭矩?fù)p失，導(dǎo)致墊片的表 面應(yīng)力減小，從而引起系統(tǒng)泄漏?？够瘜W(xué)腐蝕：所選用的墊片應(yīng)不受運(yùn)用化學(xué)介質(zhì)的腐蝕，而且不能污染介質(zhì)。有彈性：即使在系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的狀況下，相連接的兩個(gè)法蘭由于溫度和壓力的影響肯定會(huì)存在微小位移，故墊片的彈 性應(yīng)能彌補(bǔ)此位移，以保證系統(tǒng)的密封性?？桂じ剑簤|片在使用后應(yīng)能方便的從法蘭上拆除。無(wú)腐蝕性：墊片應(yīng)對(duì)連接的法蘭表面無(wú)腐蝕性。耐溫度：所選用的墊片應(yīng)保證在系統(tǒng)的溫度和溫度下正常使用。密封墊片的安裝 保證系統(tǒng)的密封除了要有好的密封材料外，還要按照以下正確的安裝方式：☆墊片必須安放在法蘭的正中心，這點(diǎn)對(duì)于凸肩法蘭尤其重要☆保證密封面的平整度和加工精度☆必須均勻?qū)ΨQ的緊固連接螺栓☆必須使用金屬墊圈以保證負(fù)荷均勻，緊固螺栓時(shí)使用扭力矩扳手☆在系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行后，檢查和重新校正連接螺栓的扭矩☆為保證墊片的使用壽命，請(qǐng)不要使用液體或金屬基體的防粘劑或潤(rùn)滑劑 | |
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